When asked if they knew what diacetyl is, 91% said, "No." Advertisements and other messages in the media purport e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to conventional cigarettes
This aligns with literature conceptualizing sanctions as metanorms, or higher-level norms that establish how violations of lower-level norms should be punished (Axelrod, 1986)
Some vehicle-specific adaptations may be necessary to achieve the best fit and function
The potential limitations of the ASSIST are as follows: Self-report bias : Since ASSIST relies on self-reporting, individuals underreport or overreport their substance use due to stigma, fear of consequences, or memory gaps, leading to less accurate assessments
There, she earned her masters degree in Digital Communication & Media Arts