The protein supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 15,000 rpm at 4 for 10 min and the protein concentrations were measured by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit (Beyotime, China)
Hydroquinone (HQ), another well-studied whitening agent, has been used clinically in leading cosmetic hyperpigmentation treatment 23 , however, it was also found to cause serious problems by generating reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage of lipids and permanent loss of melanocytes
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However, it is imperative to understand that fragment 176-191 (AOD-9604) does not have any effect on the level of insulin or insulin resistance