Dysfunction of the MRC in mitochondrial diseases is often caused by mutations in mtDNA or nDNA
Kunitomi M, Wada J, Takahashi K, Tsuchiyama Y, Mimura Y, Hida K, Miyatake N, Fujii M, Kira S, Shikata K, Maknio H
GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is a hormone your body produces naturally to signal fullness, slow digestion, and help regulate blood sugar
Additionally, TFR1, acyl-CoA synthetase family member 2 (ACSF2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were significantly upregulated, leading to increased ferroptosis in the optic nerves of locally demyelinated MS mice
Discussion: The results indicate that animals exposed to HnB smoke show higher levels of oxidative stress markers, including those associated with DNA damage, as well as higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines